Amplicon sequencing has become an essential technique for characterizing microbiomes across diverse ecosystems, using specific genetic markers like 16S rRNA, ITS, and COI to explore bacterial, fungal, and other microbial communities. The 16S rRNA gene is a widely-used marker for bacterial and archaeal profiling, allowing researchers to map microbial diversity in environments ranging from the human gut to soil and ocean microbiomes. By targeting hypervariable regions within the 16S gene, amplicon sequencing can identify microbial species, track shifts in community composition, and assess microbial roles in nutrient cycling, biogeochemical processes, and disease. This high-throughput approach has unlocked new insights into how microbial communities influence ecosystem health and interact with host organisms. For fungal community profiling, the Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS) regions, especially ITS1 and ITS2, are often selected due to their variability, making them effective for species-level differentiation. Amplicon sequencing of ITS regions enables detailed study of fungal populations in soil, plant roots, and other environments where fungi play key ecological roles, such as in decomposition and symbiosis with plants. In human health, ITS sequencing is applied to analyze the mycobiome in systems like the gut, lungs, and skin, where fungal diversity and composition can impact immune function and susceptibility to conditions like asthma, inflammatory bowel disease, and fungal infections. The application of ITS sequencing thus provides a comprehensive view of fungal diversity and dynamics in both natural and host-associated environments. The cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) gene, commonly referred to as the "barcode" gene, is frequently used to identify animal-associated microbiomes and detect eukaryotic parasites or symbionts. COI sequencing is highly valuable for studying complex food webs, parasite-host interactions, and the influence of animal-associated microbes on their hosts. In marine and freshwater microbiomes, COI amplicon sequencing is instrumental in tracking biodiversity among microeukaryotes and understanding ecosystem responses to environmental stressors such as pollution and climate change. By combining markers like COI, 16S, and ITS, researchers can obtain a holistic view of microbial ecosystems, examining interkingdom interactions and their impacts on host health, environmental stability, and species conservation.Amplicon sequencing has become an essential technique for characterizing microbiomes across diverse ecosystems, using specific genetic markers like 16S rRNA, ITS, and COI to explore bacterial, fungal, and other microbial communities. The 16S rRNA gene is a widely-used marker for bacterial and archaeal profiling, allowing researchers to map microbial diversity in environments ranging from the human gut to soil and ocean microbiomes. By targeting hypervariable regions within the 16S gene, amplicon sequencing can identify microbial species, track shifts in community composition, and assess microbial roles in nutrient cycling, biogeochemical processes, and disease. This high-throughput approach has unlocked new insights into how microbial communities influence ecosystem health and interact with host organisms. For fungal community profiling, the Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS) regions, especially ITS1 and ITS2, are often selected due to their variability, making them effective for species-level differentiation. Amplicon sequencing of ITS regions enables detailed study of fungal populations in soil, plant roots, and other environments where fungi play key ecological roles, such as in decomposition and symbiosis with plants. In human health, ITS sequencing is applied to analyze the mycobiome in systems like the gut, lungs, and skin, where fungal diversity and composition can impact immune function and susceptibility to conditions like asthma, inflammatory bowel disease, and fungal infections. The application of ITS sequencing thus provides a comprehensive view of fungal diversity and dynamics in both natural and host-associated environments. The cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) gene, commonly referred to as the "barcode" gene, is frequently used to identify animal-associated microbiomes and detect eukaryotic parasites or symbionts. COI sequencing is highly valuable for studying complex food webs, parasite-host interactions, and the influence of animal-associated microbes on their hosts. In marine and freshwater microbiomes, COI amplicon sequencing is instrumental in tracking biodiversity among microeukaryotes and understanding ecosystem responses to environmental stressors such as pollution and climate change. By combining markers like COI, 16S, and ITS, researchers can obtain a holistic view of microbial ecosystems, examining interkingdom interactions and their impacts on host health, environmental stability, and species conservation.Amplicon sequencing is a powerful tool in genomics, used widely across fields for applications ranging from microbial diversity studies to targeted cancer research. In environmental microbiology, for instance, amplicon sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene allows scientists to study microbial communities in soil, water, and extreme environments, offering insights into biodiversity, ecosystem health, and the roles of specific microbes. Using metagenomics and next-generation sequencing (NGS) technology, researchers can profile entire microbial ecosystems without the need for culturing, enabling the discovery of rare and unculturable species. This technology is also applied to study pathogen prevalence, microbial resistance genes, and functional diversity in natural and built environments. In medical research, amplicon sequencing is crucial for investigating the genetic mutations associated with diseases, particularly cancer. By targeting and sequencing specific genes or gene regions, such as BRCA1 and BRCA2 in breast cancer, researchers can identify somatic mutations, copy number variations, and other genetic alterations that drive tumor growth and affect patient outcomes. This approach, known as targeted sequencing or deep sequencing, is especially valuable for liquid biopsies, where circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) is analyzed to monitor cancer progression or response to therapy. Amplicon sequencing’s high sensitivity allows for the detection of low-frequency variants, making it an indispensable tool in precision medicine and personalized oncology. Amplicon sequencing is also widely used in agricultural genomics and plant breeding. By sequencing specific genes associated with traits like disease resistance, drought tolerance, or yield, researchers can identify and track genetic markers linked to desirable characteristics. This targeted sequencing approach accelerates breeding programs by enabling marker-assisted selection and genetic mapping, which help improve crop performance and resilience. In food safety, amplicon sequencing is used to detect pathogens, allergens, and adulterants in agricultural products. By amplifying and sequencing specific DNA barcodes, researchers and regulatory agencies can ensure food authenticity, traceability, and safety, supporting sustainable and secure food systems worldwide.  Amplicon sequencing has become an essential technique for characterizing microbiomes across diverse ecosystems, using specific genetic markers like 16S rRNA, ITS, and COI to explore bacterial, fungal, and other microbial communities. The 16S rRNA gene is a widely-used marker for bacterial and archaeal profiling, allowing researchers to map microbial diversity in environments ranging from the human gut to soil and ocean microbiomes. By targeting hypervariable regions within the 16S gene, amplicon sequencing can identify microbial species, track shifts in community composition, and assess microbial roles in nutrient cycling, biogeochemical processes, and disease. This high-throughput approach has unlocked new insights into how microbial communities influence ecosystem health and interact with host organisms. For fungal community profiling, the Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS) regions, especially ITS1 and ITS2, are often selected due to their variability, making them effective for species-level differentiation. Amplicon sequencing of ITS regions enables detailed study of fungal populations in soil, plant roots, and other environments where fungi play key ecological roles, such as in decomposition and symbiosis with plants. In human health, ITS sequencing is applied to analyze the mycobiome in systems like the gut, lungs, and skin, where fungal diversity and composition can impact immune function and susceptibility to conditions like asthma, inflammatory bowel disease, and fungal infections. The application of ITS sequencing thus provides a comprehensive view of fungal diversity and dynamics in both natural and host-associated environments. The cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) gene, commonly referred to as the "barcode" gene, is frequently used to identify animal-associated microbiomes and detect eukaryotic parasites or symbionts. COI sequencing is highly valuable for studying complex food webs, parasite-host interactions, and the influence of animal-associated microbes on their hosts. In marine and freshwater microbiomes, COI amplicon sequencing is instrumental in tracking biodiversity among microeukaryotes and understanding ecosystem responses to environmental stressors such as pollution and climate change. By combining markers like COI, 16S, and ITS, researchers can obtain a holistic view of microbial ecosystems, examining interkingdom interactions and their impacts on host health, environmental stability, and species conservation.Amplicon sequencing has become an essential technique for characterizing microbiomes across diverse ecosystems, using specific genetic markers like 16S rRNA, ITS, and COI to explore bacterial, fungal, and other microbial communities. The 16S rRNA gene is a widely-used marker for bacterial and archaeal profiling, allowing researchers to map microbial diversity in environments ranging from the human gut to soil and ocean microbiomes. By targeting hypervariable regions within the 16S gene, amplicon sequencing can identify microbial species, track shifts in community composition, and assess microbial roles in nutrient cycling, biogeochemical processes, and disease. This high-throughput approach has unlocked new insights into how microbial communities influence ecosystem health and interact with host organisms. For fungal community profiling, the Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS) regions, especially ITS1 and ITS2, are often selected due to their variability, making them effective for species-level differentiation. Amplicon sequencing of ITS regions enables detailed study of fungal populations in soil, plant roots, and other environments where fungi play key ecological roles, such as in decomposition and symbiosis with plants. In human health, ITS sequencing is applied to analyze the mycobiome in systems like the gut, lungs, and skin, where fungal diversity and composition can impact immune function and susceptibility to conditions like asthma, inflammatory bowel disease, and fungal infections. The application of ITS sequencing thus provides a comprehensive view of fungal diversity and dynamics in both natural and host-associated environments. The cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) gene, commonly referred to as the "barcode" gene, is frequently used to identify animal-associated microbiomes and detect eukaryotic parasites or symbionts. COI sequencing is highly valuable for studying complex food webs, parasite-host interactions, and the influence of animal-associated microbes on their hosts. In marine and freshwater microbiomes, COI amplicon sequencing is instrumental in tracking biodiversity among microeukaryotes and understanding ecosystem responses to environmental stressors such as pollution and climate change. By combining markers like COI, 16S, and ITS, researchers can obtain a holistic view of microbial ecosystems, examining interkingdom interactions and their impacts on host health, environmental stability, and species conservation.  Amplicon sequencing has become an essential technique for characterizing microbiomes across diverse ecosystems, using specific genetic markers like 16S rRNA, ITS, and COI to explore bacterial, fungal, and other microbial communities. The 16S rRNA gene is a widely-used marker for bacterial and archaeal profiling, allowing researchers to map microbial diversity in environments ranging from the human gut to soil and ocean microbiomes. By targeting hypervariable regions within the 16S gene, amplicon sequencing can identify microbial species, track shifts in community composition, and assess microbial roles in nutrient cycling, biogeochemical processes, and disease. This high-throughput approach has unlocked new insights into how microbial communities influence ecosystem health and interact with host organisms. For fungal community profiling, the Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS) regions, especially ITS1 and ITS2, are often selected due to their variability, making them effective for species-level differentiation. Amplicon sequencing of ITS regions enables detailed study of fungal populations in soil, plant roots, and other environments where fungi play key ecological roles, such as in decomposition and symbiosis with plants. In human health, ITS sequencing is applied to analyze the mycobiome in systems like the gut, lungs, and skin, where fungal diversity and composition can impact immune function and susceptibility to conditions like asthma, inflammatory bowel disease, and fungal infections. The application of ITS sequencing thus provides a comprehensive view of fungal diversity and dynamics in both natural and host-associated environments. The cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) gene, commonly referred to as the "barcode" gene, is frequently used to identify animal-associated microbiomes and detect eukaryotic parasites or symbionts. COI sequencing is highly valuable for studying complex food webs, parasite-host interactions, and the influence of animal-associated microbes on their hosts. In marine and freshwater microbiomes, COI amplicon sequencing is instrumental in tracking biodiversity among microeukaryotes and understanding ecosystem responses to environmental stressors such as pollution and climate change. By combining markers like COI, 16S, and ITS, researchers can obtain a holistic view of microbial ecosystems, examining interkingdom interactions and their impacts on host health, environmental stability, and species conservation.  Amplicon sequencing is a powerful tool in genomics, used widely across fields for applications ranging from microbial diversity studies to targeted cancer research. In environmental microbiology, for instance, amplicon sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene allows scientists to study microbial communities in soil, water, and extreme environments, offering insights into biodiversity, ecosystem health, and the roles of specific microbes. Using metagenomics and next-generation sequencing (NGS) technology, researchers can profile entire microbial ecosystems without the need for culturing, enabling the discovery of rare and unculturable species. This technology is also applied to study pathogen prevalence, microbial resistance genes, and functional diversity in natural and built environments. In medical research, amplicon sequencing is crucial for investigating the genetic mutations associated with diseases, particularly cancer. By targeting and sequencing specific genes or gene regions, such as BRCA1 and BRCA2 in breast cancer, researchers can identify somatic mutations, copy number variations, and other genetic alterations that drive tumor growth and affect patient outcomes. This approach, known as targeted sequencing or deep sequencing, is especially valuable for liquid biopsies, where circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) is analyzed to monitor cancer progression or response to therapy. Amplicon sequencing’s high sensitivity allows for the detection of low-frequency variants, making it an indispensable tool in precision medicine and personalized oncology. Amplicon sequencing is also widely used in agricultural genomics and plant breeding. By sequencing specific genes associated with traits like disease resistance, drought tolerance, or yield, researchers can identify and track genetic markers linked to desirable characteristics. This targeted sequencing approach accelerates breeding programs by enabling marker-assisted selection and genetic mapping, which help improve crop performance and resilience. In food safety, amplicon sequencing is used to detect pathogens, allergens, and adulterants in agricultural products. By amplifying and sequencing specific DNA barcodes, researchers and regulatory agencies can ensure food authenticity, traceability, and safety, supporting sustainable and secure food systems worldwide.  Our Amplicon Sequencing Services With MR DNA, you can expect a complete, streamlined workflow that simplifies your research journey. We offer flexible solutions tailored to your project’s unique goals, from target selection through to data analysis. 1. Customized Amplicon Panels Choose from popular target regions or collaborate with our scientists to design custom amplicon panels that align with your research goals. Our library of primer sets and PCR optimization services ensure precise targeting and high-quality data. 2. High-Resolution Sequencing Using the latest high-throughput sequencing technology, we deliver accurate, high-resolution data, allowing you to identify rare variants, low-abundance microbes, and subtle genetic changes with confidence. 3. Comprehensive Bioinformatics Analysis Our expert bioinformatics team provides comprehensive data analysis, including variant calling, taxonomic classification, diversity analysis, and more. We turn raw sequencing data into actionable insights, enabling you to make discoveries faster. 4. Scalable Solutions for Any Project Size Whether you’re running a small pilot study or a large-scale survey, we offer scalable solutions to fit your project’s size, timeline, and budget. Our fast turnaround times and efficient workflows ensure timely delivery of high-quality data. Why Choose MR DNA for Amplicon Sequencing? High Precision: With optimized protocols and stringent quality controls, we ensure accurate, reproducible results for even the most complex samples. Affordable and Efficient: Amplicon sequencing is a cost-effective approach, providing deep insights without the need for whole-genome sequencing. Expert Guidance: Our scientists and bioinformaticians work with you every step of the way, from panel design to final analysis. Flexible Options: Choose from ready-to-use panels or fully customized solutions to meet your unique research objectives. Secure Data Management: Your data’s security and confidentiality are our top priorities, with robust measures to protect your information at every stage. Start Your Amplicon Sequencing Project Today Whether you’re exploring the human microbiome, monitoring environmental biodiversity, or targeting genetic mutations, [Your Company Name] is here to provide the expertise and tools you need. Discover the power of amplicon sequencing and accelerate your research with confidence. Contact Us Ready to discuss your project? Contact our team today to learn more about our amplicon sequencing services and how we can help you achieve breakthrough results.  Our Amplicon Sequencing Services With MR DNA, you can expect a complete, streamlined workflow that simplifies your research journey. We offer flexible solutions tailored to your project’s unique goals, from target selection through to data analysis. 1. Customized Amplicon Panels Choose from popular target regions or collaborate with our scientists to design custom amplicon panels that align with your research goals. Our library of primer sets and PCR optimization services ensure precise targeting and high-quality data. 2. High-Resolution Sequencing Using the latest high-throughput sequencing technology, we deliver accurate, high-resolution data, allowing you to identify rare variants, low-abundance microbes, and subtle genetic changes with confidence. 3. Comprehensive Bioinformatics Analysis Our expert bioinformatics team provides comprehensive data analysis, including variant calling, taxonomic classification, diversity analysis, and more. We turn raw sequencing data into actionable insights, enabling you to make discoveries faster. 4. Scalable Solutions for Any Project Size Whether you’re running a small pilot study or a large-scale survey, we offer scalable solutions to fit your project’s size, timeline, and budget. Our fast turnaround times and efficient workflows ensure timely delivery of high-quality data. Why Choose [Your Company Name] for Amplicon Sequencing? High Precision: With optimized protocols and stringent quality controls, we ensure accurate, reproducible results for even the most complex samples. Affordable and Efficient: Amplicon sequencing is a cost-effective approach, providing deep insights without the need for whole-genome sequencing. Expert Guidance: Our scientists and bioinformaticians work with you every step of the way, from panel design to final analysis. Flexible Options: Choose from ready-to-use panels or fully customized solutions to meet your unique research objectives. Secure Data Management: Your data’s security and confidentiality are our top priorities, with robust measures to protect your information at every stage. Start Your Amplicon Sequencing Project Today Whether you’re exploring the human microbiome, monitoring environmental biodiversity, or targeting genetic mutations, [Your Company Name] is here to provide the expertise and tools you need. Discover the power of amplicon sequencing and accelerate your research with confidence. Contact Us Ready to discuss your project? Contact our team today to learn more about our amplicon sequencing services and how we can help you achieve breakthrough results.  Our Amplicon Sequencing Services With [Your Company Name], you can expect a complete, streamlined workflow that simplifies your research journey. We offer flexible solutions tailored to your project’s unique goals, from target selection through to data analysis. 1. Customized Amplicon Panels Choose from popular target regions or collaborate with our scientists to design custom amplicon panels that align with your research goals. Our library of primer sets and PCR optimization services ensure precise targeting and high-quality data. 2. High-Resolution Sequencing Using the latest high-throughput sequencing technology, we deliver accurate, high-resolution data, allowing you to identify rare variants, low-abundance microbes, and subtle genetic changes with confidence. 3. Comprehensive Bioinformatics Analysis Our expert bioinformatics team provides comprehensive data analysis, including variant calling, taxonomic classification, diversity analysis, and more. We turn raw sequencing data into actionable insights, enabling you to make discoveries faster. 4. Scalable Solutions for Any Project Size Whether you’re running a small pilot study or a large-scale survey, we offer scalable solutions to fit your project’s size, timeline, and budget. Our fast turnaround times and efficient workflows ensure timely delivery of high-quality data. Why Choose [Your Company Name] for Amplicon Sequencing? High Precision: With optimized protocols and stringent quality controls, we ensure accurate, reproducible results for even the most complex samples. Affordable and Efficient: Amplicon sequencing is a cost-effective approach, providing deep insights without the need for whole-genome sequencing. Expert Guidance: Our scientists and bioinformaticians work with you every step of the way, from panel design to final analysis. Flexible Options: Choose from ready-to-use panels or fully customized solutions to meet your unique research objectives. Secure Data Management: Your data’s security and confidentiality are our top priorities, with robust measures to protect your information at every stage. Start Your Amplicon Sequencing Project Today Whether you’re exploring the human microbiome, monitoring environmental biodiversity, or targeting genetic mutations, [Your Company Name] is here to provide the expertise and tools you need. Discover the power of amplicon sequencing and accelerate your research with confidence. Contact Us Ready to discuss your project? Contact our team today to learn more about our amplicon sequencing services and how we can help you achieve breakthrough results. $80/assay 1-20 assays (note: for projects < 10 assays per library, a $150 library fee is added),  A few examples of the many different amplicon assays we have inhouse..   there is no limit to primers we can use for amplicon assays  A few examples of the many different amplicon assays we have inhouse..   there is no limit to primers   A few examples of the many different amplicon assays we have inhouse..   --DNA Extraction starting at $30 / sample (depending on service requested and sample type submitted)  

16s Ribosomal Sequencing

Sequencing Services

 

MR DNA specializes in any type of amplicon sequencing.

 

From 16s, 18s, ITS, functional genes to any type of custom primer amplicon assay.

We have an extensive inhouse assay (primer) collection for 16s sequencing, 18s sequencing,  ITS sequencing, functional genes such as nirS, nifH, dsr,  pufM, nosZ, HMC,  and many more.  if you have a custom assay we inexpensively set it up for you.

 

NEW:  Long read amplicons (e.g. near full 16s ~1400bp, ITS1-4, 18s ~1700bp or other custom amplicon diversity (700-2500bp) ( usually minimum 10 samples or $350 library fee applies) long reads = better taxonomic differentiation right?

  • $90/sample  for 5,000 sequences per assay,
  • $125 for 10K
  • $200 for 20K
  • $340 for 40K
  •  

 

 

Amplicon Sequencing Prices (illumina). 

1-10 samples $80/assay  (small project fee of $150 added  ..  this fee is not per sample but per assay)
10-50 samples $75/assay
50-100 samples $70/assay
100-150 samples $65/assay

prices for large projects with V4 515-806 and ITS1-2 and Euk1391-eukbr may be eligible for even more discounts with very large projects

 

MR DNA has all the major sequencing platforms and we have a large selection of amplicon sequencing programs ..  Everything can be customized to the needs of the customer, only limited by the capabilities of the sequencing technologies.

 

Any amplicons (bTEFAP® services) such as 16s, 18s, ITS, functional or custom assays.. if you have an amplicon with custom primers we can help sequence it.

 

Illumina miseq and hiseq amplicons

examples for any of our hundreds of inhouse assays

2x300bp PE illumina 20,000 sequence diversity assays

 

$75 for 20-50 assays,

$70 for 50-100 assays,

$65 for 100-150 assays,

$60 for > 150 assays.

additional discounts for very large projects also

 

  • Contact us to discuss additional Illumina specific primer sets and pricing options

 

 

 

 

PAC BIO SEQUEL:

Sequel long read amplicon sequencing for 16s, 18s, ITS and custom amplicons

MR DNA now accepts any size project (projects with < 10 samples do have a $125 indexing fee and a $20/sample additional PCR replication fee.)

 

Academic and Government Pricing

$90 per sample  for 5,000 sequences per assay,

$125 per sample for 10,000 sequences per assay

$200 per sample for 20,000 sequences per assay

$340 per sample for 40,000 sequences per assay

 

 

**Custom assays from 700bp - 3000bp or larger of course have a barcoding fee that is typically $15/barcode

 

DNA Extraction / RNA Extraction Price:

 

--RNA Extraction starting between $30 - $70 / sample (depending  on service requested and sample type submitted)

16s rRNA Sequencing Primer List
Updated Earth Microbiome Project (EMP) 16s v4
515F GTGYCAGCMGCCGCGGTAA
806R GGACTACNVGGGTWTCTAAT
Original Earth Microbiome Project (EMP) 16s v4
515F GTGCCAGCMGCCGCGGTAA
806R GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT
Other Common 16s rRNA Primers
515F GTGYCAGCMGCCGCGGTAA
926R CCGYCAATTYMTTTRAGTTT
909R CCCCGYCAATTCMTTTRAGT
archaea 349F GYGCASCAGKCGMGAAW
A344F AYGGGGYGCASCAGGSG
archaea 806R GGACTACVSGGGTATCTAAT
arch21F TTCCGGTTGATCCYGCCGGA 
arch519R TTACCGCGGCGGCTG
arch1059R GCCATGCACCWCCTCT
arc344F ACGGGGYGCAGCAGGCGCGA
arch915R GTGCTCCCCCGCCAATTCCT
27F AGRGTTTGATCMTGGCTCAG
519Rmod GTNTTACNGCGGCKGCTG
519Rmodbio GWATTACCGCGGCKGCTG 
1492R GGGTTACCTTGTTACGACTT
338R AGTGCTGCCTCCCGTAGGAGT
28F GAGTTTGATCNTGGCTCAG
519R GTNTTACNGCGGCKGCTG
341F CCTACGGGNGGCWGCAG
785R GACTACHVGGGTATCTAATCC
805R GACTACNVGGGTATCTAATCC
799F ACCMGGATTAGATACCCKG
1193R CRTCCMCACCTTCCTC
a799wF AMCVGGATTAGATACCCBG
new1193R ACGTCATCCCCACCTTCC
16com1F CAGCAGCCGCGGTAATAC
16com2R CCGTCAATTCCTTTGAGTTT
926F AAACTYAAAKGAATTGACGG
1394R ACGGGCGGTGTGTRC 
Tx9F GGATTAGAWACCCBGGTAGTC
1391R GACGGGCRGTGWGTRCA
1100F YAACGAGCGCAACCC
1492R GGGTTACCTTGTTACGACTT
rambacV3F CCTACGGGAGGCAGCAG
rambacV4R GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT
104F GGCGVACGGGTGAGTAA
530R CCGCNGCNGCTGGCAC
530F GTGCCAGCMGCNGCGG
bac926R CCGTCAATTYYTTTRAGTTT
1100R GGGTTNCGNTCGTTR
18s rRNA Sequencing Primer List
EukV4F CCAGCASCYGCGGTAATTCC
EukV4R ACTTTCGTTCTTGATYRA
ionesV4R ACTTTCGTTCTTGA
zigEukV4R ACTTTCGTTCTTGATYRATGA
euk1391F GTACACACCGCCCGTC
EukB-Rev TGATCCTTCTGCAGGTTCACCTAC
Euk7F AACCTGGTTGATCCTGCCAGT
Euk570R GCTATTGGAGCTGGAATTAC
uni18sF AGGGCAAKYCTGGTGCCAGC
uni18sR GRCGGTATCTRATCGYCTT
nem18sF CGATCAGATACCGCCCTAG
nem18sR TACAAAGGGCAGGGACGTAAT
paraOxyF GCYGCGGTAATWCCAGCTCT
paraoxyR TGCNCTTCCGTCAATTYCTT
1080F GGGRAACTTACCAGGTCC
1578R GTGATRWGRTTTACTTRT
SSU316F GCTTTCGWTGGTAGTGTATT
758R CAACTGTCTCTATKAAYCG
AML1 ATCAACTTTCGATGGTAGGATAGA
AML2 GAACCCAAACACTTTGGTTTCC
wanda CAGCCGCGGTAATTCCAGCT
960F GGCTTAATTTGACTCAACRCG
1200R GGGCATCACAGACCTG
1560F TGGTGCATGGCCGTTCTTAGT
2035R CATCTAAGGGCATCACAGACC
Euk60F GAAACTGCGAATGGCTCATT
Euk515R ACCAGACTTGCCCTCC
Euk516F GGAGGGCAAGTCTGGT
Euk1055R CGGCCATGCACCACC
eukss18F CACCAGGTTGATTCTGCC
eukss530R GTGCCAGCMGCCGCGG
Euk528F CCGCGGTAATTCCAGCTC
EukR18R CGTTATCGGAATTAACCAGAC
SSUF04 GCTTGTAAAGATTAAGCC
SSUR22 GCCTGCTGCCTTCCTTGGA
ITS Sequencing Primer List
ITS1F CTTGGTCATTTAGAGGAAGTAA
ITS2R GCTGCGTTCTTCATCGATGC
ITS4R TCCTCCGCTTATTGATATGC
ITS3F GCATCGATGAAGAACGCAGC
ITS3kyo2F GATGAAGAACGYAGYRAA
ITS5F GGAAGTAAAAGTCGTAACAAGG
ITS7 GTGARTCATCGAATCTTTG
ITS9 GAACGCAGCRAANNGYGA
ITS6pyth GAAGGTGAAGTCGTAACAAGG
ITS7Rpyth AGCGTTCTTCATCGATGTGC
gITS7F GTGARTCATCGARTCTTTG
ITS4ngsR TTCCTSCGCTTATTGATATGC
ramITS1ooF CGGAAGGATCATTACCAC
ramITS58ooR AGCCTAGACATCCACTGCTG
ENDONTSF AAGGTCTCCGTAGGTGAAC
ENDONTSR GTATCCCTACCTGATCCGAG
its58funFbar1 AACTTTYRRCAAYGGATCWCT
its4funR AGCCTCCGCTTATTGATATGCTTAART
symbiITS1 GAATTGCAGAACTCCGTG
symbiITS2 GGATCCATATGCTTAAGTTCAGCGGGT
traceITS1ooF GGAAGGATCATTACCACAC   

 

 

Why Should I Choose the 16s Sequencing Service?

 

Prokaryotes today are divided into two domains, Archaea and Bacteria. These two domains are of particular interest in areas of research including:

 

  • Soil Ecology
  • Gastroenterology
  • Medical microbiology
  • Food Science
  • etc.

 

The initial objective of the many studies within these fields among others is often the same; identify which microbes are present, or more importantly, which are absent. The 16s rRNA gene is an excellent sequencing target in order to complete such studies. There are nine hypervariable regions found in the 16s rRNA gene, and each of these regions is flanked by a highly conserved region. Our in-house 16s rRNA sequencing primer pairs are specifically designed to target these flanking conserved regions thereby allowing us at MR DNA to perform PCR amplification and DNA sequencing of your submitted microbial samples. Of the nine hypervariable regions found in the 16s rRNA gene, some regions may be better suited to complete certain phylogenetic studies over others. Feel free to consult our experts at MR DNA is order to determine which 16s rRNA primer pair is best suited to meet your sequencing needs.

MRDNA 16s Sequencing Primers

 

The already cost effective method of 16s rRNA sequencing continues to reduce in cost as sequencing technology continues to advance. By utilizing the technology made available by next-generation sequencing platforms, we are able to generate the necessary data required to complete these 16s rRNA phylogenetic studies in a much more time efficient and cost-effective manner. For more information concerning our 16s rRNA sequencing capabilities, feel free to Contact us.

 

 

 

What is 16s rRNA Sequencing?

 

16s rRNA sequencing has become one of the leading methods for phylogenetic studies. The popularization of 16s sequencing methods has been due in large part to the wide availability of PCR and Next-generation sequencing facilities, such as MRDNA. But what is 16s rRNA sequencing? And why should you choose 16s sequencing methods over other DNA sequencing methods?

 

16s rRNA sequencing refers to sequencing the 16s rRNA gene that codes for the small subunit (SSU) of the ribosome found in prokaryotes such as Bacteria and Archaea. There are several factors that make the 16s rRNA gene the perfect target to complete your taxonomy or phylogeny studies.

 

  • Because the 16s gene codes for the SSU of the prokaryotic ribosome, researchers can rely on the fact that the their target gene will be present in every cell.
  • The 16s gene contains both highly conserved regions as well as hypervariable regions.
    • The presence of the highly conserved regions allow researchers to design primer pairs that will accurately and reliably amplify the 16s hypervariable region of their choice.
    • The presence of the hypervariable regions affords researchers the ability to differentiate between closely related genera or species detected in their samples.
  • The overall size of the 16s rRNA gene is relatively short. ~1500bp. While sequencing the entire 16s gene is difficult due to read length restrictions of many NGS platforms, sequencing one or more hypervariable regions is relatively quick and affordable.
    • Two of our most requested assays for 16s rRNA sequencing are 27F-519R (V1-V3 region) and 515F-806R (V4 region).
    • For questions regarding pricing feel free to contact us or visit our 16 ribosomal sequencing page.

 

 

Often times, researchers will have some confusion regarding the differences between 16s metagenomic sequencing methods and shotgun metagenomic sequencing methods. In short, shotgun metagenome sequencing is aptly named due to the fact that the goal of this DNA sequencing method is to sequence all genes from all organisms in a given sample. Whereas in the case of 16s metagenome sequencing, the goal is to sequence the 16s rRNA gene specifically.

 

Related Research

 

Periodontitis is caused by dysbiotic subgingival bacterial communities that may lead to increased bacterial invasion into gingival tissues. Although shifts in community structures associated with transition from health to periodontitis have been well characterized, the nature of bacteria present within the gingival tissue of periodontal lesions is not known. To characterize microbiota within tissues of periodontal lesions and compare them with plaque microbiota, gingival tissues and subgingival plaques were obtained from 7 patients with chronic periodontitis. A sequencing analysis of the 16S rRNA gene revealed that species richness and diversity were not significantly different between the 2 groups. However, intersubject variability of intratissue communities was smaller than that of plaque communities. In addition, when compared with the plaque communities, intratissue communities were characterized by decreased abundance of Firmicutes and increased abundance of Fusobacteria and Chloroflexi. In particular, Fusobacterium nucleatum and Porphyromonas gingivalis were highly enriched within the tissue, composing 15% to 40% of the total bacteria. Furthermore, biofilms, as visualized by alcian blue staining and atomic force microscopy, were observed within the tissue where the degradation of connective tissue fibers was prominent. In conclusion, very complex bacterial communities exist in the form of biofilms within the gingival tissue of periodontal lesions, which potentially serve as a reservoir for persistent infection. This novel finding may prompt new research on therapeutic strategies to treat periodontitis.

 

Baek K, Ji S, Choi Y. Complex Intratissue Microbiota Forms Biofilms in Periodontal Lesions. J Dent Res. 2017;:22034517732754.

 

 

 

 

16S and ITS Sequencing Services | Molecular Research MR DNA

At Molecular Research MR DNA, we offer specialized 16S rRNA and ITS sequencing services to empower microbiome research. Our high-throughput sequencing solutions are tailored to analyze bacterial, archaeal, and fungal communities with unmatched precision. By targeting conserved regions of the 16S rRNA gene for bacteria and archaea, and the Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS) regions for fungi, we provide accurate taxonomic identification and diversity metrics for environmental, clinical, and industrial samples.

Common primers used in 16S rRNA sequencing include:

  • 27F: 5’-AGAGTTTGATCMTGGCTCAG-3’
  • 1492R: 5’-TACGGYTACCTTGTTACGACTT-3’
  • 515F: 5’-GTGCCAGCMGCCGCGGTAA-3’
  • 806R: 5’-GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT-3’
  • 341F: 5’-CCTACGGGNGGCWGCAG-3’
  • 785R: 5’-GACTACHVGGGTATCTAATCC-3’
  • 338F: 5’-ACTCCTACGGGAGGCAGCAG-3’
  • 785R: 5’-GACTACHVGGGTATCTAATCC-3’

Common primers used in ITS sequencing for fungal communities include:

  • ITS1F: 5’-CTTGGTCATTTAGAGGAAGTAA-3’
  • ITS2: 5’-GCTGCGTTCTTCATCGATGC-3’
  • ITS3: 5’-GCATCGATGAAGAACGCAGC-3’
  • ITS4: 5’-TCCTCCGCTTATTGATATGC-3’
  • ITS5: 5’-GGAAGTAAAAGTCGTAACAAGG-3’
  • ITS86F: 5’-GTGAATCATCGAATCTTTGAA-3’
  • ITS4R: 5’-TCCTCCGCTTATTGATATGC-3’

Our 16S and ITS sequencing services are designed to meet the diverse needs of microbiome researchers. Whether you are studying soil microbiomes, human gut microbiomes, or fungal symbioses, we ensure high-quality data and robust bioinformatics support. From primer selection and amplification to data analysis and taxonomic annotation, Molecular Research MR DNA provides end-to-end solutions for advancing your research goals.

In The News

Microbial genome sequencing is helping to improve our understanding of human health, disease, and microbial evolution. The human body contains trillions of cells with a variety of microbes that play a critical role in human health and disease, but the area of mechanism remains a mystery. Microbes are not only present in the human body; they are everywhere e.g. human or animal guts, homes, plants, oceans, and soil. Microbial research has gone under-appreciated for a long time, but with the help of next-generation sequencing (NGS), scientists are now investigating this vast microbial world. Multiple studies have been published in the last 5-10 years examining the microbial communities that exist inside our bodies and how these microbiomes can be influenced by the environment. The microbiome of the human gut can be rapidly and accurately cataloged by shotgun metagenomic sequencing via the Illumina NovaSeq 6000 System. Fecal samples, which have an abundant amount of microbes present (making it ideal to extract microbial DNA for genome sequencing), are a great candidate to help determine what is happening in the human GI tract. With NGS systems like the Illumina NovaSeq 6000, the scientific community is now able to generate gigabytes of data per sample. Many researchers today are excited about the value of microbiome sequencing and a number of clinicians believe it will become a routine part of health care, much like a blood draw.

 

But don’t limit microbiome sequencing to doctor’s offices and research laboratories. Direct-to-consumer tests are taking advantage of microbiome sequencing as well. One-time users are able to get an accurate snapshot of their gut health, and for the more avid citizen scientist, there are also time-series sampling options so that one can follow changes in their gut microbiome over time. So, whether the goal is to track the effect of a new diet or the efficacy of your favorite probiotic, or maybe you’re just curious...the microbial genomic data generated by microbiome sequencing can help us all to better understand our body and health, and track changes in the gut over time. NGS is continually helping us to understand the genetic blueprints of organisms within communities and obtain genome sequences from more complex environments like the human gut. Services like these were at one time too expensive for some laboratories and consumers, but with high-throughput sequencers like the Illumina NovaSeq, a comprehensive view of complex microbial environments is now available to everyone for a fraction of the cost.

 

1. Makki K, Deehan EC, Walter J, et al. The Impact of Dietary Fiber on Gut Microbiota in Host Health and Disease. Cell Host Microbe. 2018; 23:705—715.

2. Holscher HD. Dietary fiber and prebiotics and the gastrointestinal microbiota. Gut Microbes. 2017; 8:172—184.

3. De Vadder F, Grasset E, Mannerås Holm L, et al. Gut microbiota regulates maturation of the adult enteric nervous system via enteric serotonin networks. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2018; 115:6458—6463.

4. Cheung SG, Goldenthal AR, Uhlemann AC, et al. Systematic Review of Gut Microbiota and Major Depression. Front in Psychiatry. 2019; 10:34.

 

 

 

MRDNA Bacteria Sequencing Contact Number

 

 

Why Should I Choose the 16s Sequencing Service?

 

Prokaryotes today are divided into two domains, Archaea and Bacteria. These two domains are of particular interest in areas of research including:

 

  • Soil Ecology
  • Gastroenterology
  • Medical microbiology
  • Food Science
  • etc.

 

The initial objective of the many studies within these fields among others is often the same; identify which microbes are present, or more importantly, which are absent. The 16s rRNA gene is an excellent sequencing target in order to complete such studies. There are nine hypervariable regions found in the 16s rRNA gene, and each of these regions is flanked by a highly conserved region. Our in-house 16s rRNA sequencing primer pairs are specifically designed to target these flanking conserved regions thereby allowing us at MR DNA to perform PCR amplification and DNA sequencing of your submitted microbial samples. Of the nine hypervariable regions found in the 16s rRNA gene, some regions may be better suited to complete certain phylogenetic studies over others. Feel free to consult our experts at MR DNA is order to determine which 16s rRNA primer pair is best suited to meet your sequencing needs.

MRDNA 16s Sequencing Primers

 

The already cost effective method of 16s rRNA sequencing continues to reduce in cost as sequencing technology continues to advance. By utilizing the technology made available by next-generation sequencing platforms, we are able to generate the necessary data required to complete these 16s rRNA phylogenetic studies in a much more time efficient and cost-effective manner. For more information concerning our 16s rRNA sequencing capabilities, feel free to Contact us.

 

 

 

MRDNA 16s Sequencing Primers